食品药品来源的CFTR氯离子通道抑制剂的研究进展

CFTR氯离子通道是目前国际上新兴的治疗分泌型腹泻的分子药靶,CFTR抑制剂通过阻断离子通道的过度分泌来治疗腹泻症状。由于其抑制剂极为稀少,因此CFTR抑制剂的筛选工作是相关领域中最基础、最关键的环节。天然产物兼具结构和生物活性的多样性,在新药和先导化合物的发现中起着重要作用,是药物开发的主要来源,而食品药品来源的天然产物更因为对人体安全无毒副作用而倍受青睐。食品药品来源的CFTR氯离子通道抑制剂对于CFTR相关的腹泻等疾病的机理研究和治疗具有重要价值,同时也为天然产物资源用于现代药物发现提供了依据。     

Effect of microstructure on the fatigue crack growth behaviour of a near-α Ti alloy

Fatigue crack growth behaviour of Ti–6Al–2Zr–1.5Mo–1.5V (VT-20 a near-α Ti alloy) was studied in lamellar, bimodal and acicular microstructural conditions. Fatigue crack growth tests at both increasing and decreasing stress intensity factor range values were performed at ambient temperature and a loading ratio of 0.3 using compact tension samples. Lamellar and acicular microstructures showed lower fatigue crack growth rates as compared to the bimodal microstructure due to the tortuous nature of cracks in the former and the cleavage of primary α in the latter. The threshold stress intensity factor range was highest for acicular microstructure.     

氯化氢过氯原因及预防措施

分析了合成氯化氢中游离氯含量超标的原因,为避免发生安全生产事故,提出了预防措施。     

哌嗪基单丁酰胺酸钙/锌的合成及对PVC热稳定性研究

以丁二酸酐、哌嗪、氯化钙、氯化锌为原料，通过两步反应制备了哌嗪基单丁酰胺酸钙/锌（PSACa/Zn）热稳定剂。采用元素分析、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪（ICP?OES）和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FTIR）对产品结构进行表征，通过刚果红试纸法、转矩流变仪法、热失重法考察了PSACa/Zn对PVC的热稳定性能，并筛选了PSACa和PSAZn的最佳配比。结果表明，PSACa和PSAZn对PVC的静态热稳定时间分别可达74.5、41.5 min，优于硬脂酸钙（CaSt₂）、硬脂酸锌（ZnSt₂）热稳定剂；PSACa和PSAZn复配使用时，以m_PSACa∶m_PSAZn=1∶1时性能最佳，对PVC静态热稳定时间可达92 min，动态热稳定时间可达905 s；发现PSACa/Zn对PVC的长期热稳定性良好。     

Electrical Breakdown Properties and Space Charge Formation in High Temperature Region in Ultraviolet Ray Irradiated PVC

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is the most popular insulating material for electric wiring instruments. However, an exothermic reaction above 150 °C may cause deterioration of the insulating properties of PVC. Therefore, it is important to clarify the heat degradation in PVC, not only to investigate the ignition of electrical wiring products but also to use electrical products safely. It is known that ultraviolet (UV) irradiation causes chemical deterioration of PVC and an increase in its conductivity. Generally, it has been thought that the electrical breakdown properties, electrical conduction, and insulating performance are affected by space charge accumulation in an insulating material. A high temperature pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) system usable up to 250 °C has been developed, and the PEA system can measure the space charge distribution and conduction current in the high temperature range simultaneously. In this investigation, the space charge distribution and conduction current were measured up to electrical breakdown in a non‐UV irradiated sample (normal PVC) and in 353 nm and 253 nm UV‐irradiated PVC samples in the range from room temperature to 200 °C in a DC electric field. In the short wavelength UV irradiated PVC sample (253 nm, 300 h), a deterioration of breakdown strength at 90 °C to 150 °C and negative packet‐like charges were observed at 60 °C and 100 °C, a positive charge accumulated in front of both the anode and cathode above 90 °C, and a higher electric field near the cathode side because the positive charge of the cathode side was greater.     

A new systematic firefly algorithm for forecasting the durability of reinforced recycled aggregate concrete

This study presents a new systematic algorithm to optimize the durability of reinforced recycled aggregate concrete. The proposed algorithm integrates machine learning with a new version of the firefly algorithm called chaotic based firefly algorithm (CFA) to evolve a rational and efficient predictive model. The CFA optimizer is augmented with chaotic maps and Lévy flight to improve the firefly performance in forecasting the chloride penetrability of strengthened recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). A comprehensive and credible database of distinctive chloride migration coefficient results is used to establish the developed algorithm. A dataset composite of nine effective parameters, including concrete components and fundamental characteristics of recycled aggregate (RA), is used as input to predict the migration coefficient of strengthened RAC as output. k-fold cross validation algorithm is utilized to validate the hybrid algorithm. Three numerical benchmark analyses are applied to prove the superiority and applicability of the CFA algorithm in predicting chloride penetrability. Results show that the developed CFA approach significantly outperforms the firefly algorithm on almost tested functions and demonstrates powerful prediction. In addition, the proposed strategy can be an active tool to recognize the contradictions in the experimental results and can be especially beneficial for assessing the chloride resistance of RAC.     

Tunable‐focus negative poly(vinyl chloride) gel microlens driven by unilateral electrodes

Tunable‐focus microlenses are urgently required for compact optical products to replace digital zoom and obtain high‐quality images. An electrically controllable tunable‐focus negative microlens is proposed, which is based on an electroactive poly(vinyl chloride) gel plasticized by ecofriendly dioctyl terephthalate. The anode and cathode of the microlens are simply assembled on the same side of the electrorheological elastomer, which greatly saves space and allows the thickness of the proposed microlens to be less than 1 mm. By applying voltages ranging from 0 to 1000 V, the stable focus of the microlens is interestingly able to vary as wide as from –∞ to ?21.3 mm correspondingly. The proposed microlens is simple and thin but is flexible and stable and has a wide range of the focus variation, showing promising applications in minielectric and optical devices. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46136.     

基于改进Renyi熵的运动目标图像提取仿真

运动目标图像提取有助于通过计算机视觉实现复杂变化背景下的图像细节分析,现有图像提取方法通常针对某一类图像作为研究对象,致使应用场合受到一定限制。针对运动目标图像的提取应用,提出了改进Renyi熵的运动目标图像提取方法。首先利用直方图对运动图像的YCbCr颜色概率进行估算,根据图像YCbCr颜色计算Renyi熵,然后设计相应的目标函数来确定阈值,并结合中值处理提高算法的抗噪声性能,最后对颜色的Y、Cb与Cr通道分割得到原始中心点,利用迭代处理更新中心点,并搜索出像素的边界阈值,从而实现运动目标图像的提取。通过仿真,分别从提取时间、计算熵值、以及目标图像识别率多个方面进行比较验证,证明了提出的改进Renyi熵的运动目标图像提取方法能够有效应对运动图像复杂多变的背景,提高了处理速度与提取准确度,具有较好的抗干扰能力。